冬季低溫環(huán)境下，瓦斯發(fā)電項(xiàng)目設(shè)備易因介質(zhì)凍結(jié)、管道堵塞等問題引發(fā)運(yùn)行故障，甚至導(dǎo)致安全生產(chǎn)事故，為嚴(yán)防一切凍結(jié)事故的發(fā)生，根據(jù)各設(shè)備、儀表閥門的特點(diǎn)防凍工作也應(yīng)按照“以防為主，以消為輔”的方針進(jìn)行。

　　In low temperature environments during winter, gas power generation project equipment is prone to operational failures and even safety production accidents due to medium freezing, pipeline blockage, and other issues. To prevent all freezing accidents from occurring, anti freezing work should also be carried out according to the characteristics of each equipment, instrument, and valve, following the principle of "prevention first, consumption second".

　　01

　　01

　　防凍措施

　　Antifreeze measures

　　常見的防凍措施有排空、伴熱、保溫以及循環(huán)，排空防凍措施一般適用于地面間歇運(yùn)行或長期不用的設(shè)備、管線或地下閥門井內(nèi)的設(shè)施、管線；再或者是臨時(shí)使用的設(shè)備、管線或軟管，用完后及時(shí)排空管內(nèi)介質(zhì)，用氮?dú)獯祾吒蓛?。循環(huán)防凍措施主要是通過進(jìn)出口物料回流、管線跨接等方式進(jìn)行，顯然以上兩種措施并不適用于煤礦瓦斯發(fā)電行業(yè)。傳統(tǒng)單一保溫棉防凍能力較弱，一般可應(yīng)對(duì)-10℃至-20℃的環(huán)境，但需配合加厚保溫層；而電伴熱通常在最低?-40℃溫度下仍可有效工作，經(jīng)過我們?cè)谝酝?xiàng)目中總結(jié)出的經(jīng)驗(yàn)得出更適合瓦斯發(fā)電項(xiàng)目的冬季防凍措施為“保溫+伴熱相結(jié)合”的方式。具體應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景防凍措施如下表所示：

　　Common anti freezing measures include emptying, heat tracing, insulation, and circulation. Clearing anti freezing measures are generally applicable to equipment, pipelines, or facilities and pipelines in underground valve wells that operate intermittently or are not used for a long time on the ground; For temporary equipment, pipelines, or hoses, the medium inside the pipes should be promptly emptied and purged with nitrogen after use. The circulating antifreeze measures are mainly carried out through the reflux of imported and exported materials, pipeline crossing, etc. Obviously, the above two measures are not suitable for the coal mine gas power generation industry. Traditional single insulation cotton has weak anti freezing ability and can generally cope with environments ranging from -10 ℃ to -20 ℃, but requires thicker insulation layers; And electric heat tracing is usually at its lowest? -It can still work effectively at a temperature of 40 ℃. Based on our experience in previous projects, we have concluded that the winter antifreeze measure more suitable for gas power generation projects is a combination of insulation and heat tracing. The specific application scenarios for antifreeze measures are shown in the table below:

　　應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景/類型     |    推薦防凍方案   |    技術(shù)要點(diǎn)

　　Application scenarios/types | Recommended antifreeze solutions | Technical points

　　室內(nèi)或集中放置設(shè)備     |    保溫棉+暖氣聯(lián)動(dòng)    |    設(shè)備集中區(qū)域可搭建活動(dòng)板房形成封閉空間;室內(nèi)設(shè)備采用加厚保溫棉(耐-20°C)包裹，并配合暖氣維持環(huán)境溫度≥5°C

　　Indoor or centralized placement of equipment | insulation cotton+heating linkage | movable board houses can be built in the equipment concentration area to form enclosed spaces; Indoor equipment is wrapped in thick insulation cotton (resistant to -20 ° C) and maintained at an ambient temperature of ≥ 5 ° C with heating

　　室外關(guān)鍵設(shè)施(閥門/儀表/引壓管)     |    電伴熱+復(fù)合保溫層(保溫棉+鋁箔保護(hù)層)    |    電伴熱可適應(yīng)-40°C極端低溫，需沿管線/閥門均勻

　　Outdoor key facilities (valves/instruments/pressure pipes) | Electric tracing+composite insulation layer (insulation cotton+aluminum foil protective layer) | Electric tracing can adapt to extreme low temperatures of -40 ° C and needs to be evenly distributed along pipelines/valves

　　鋪設(shè);外層覆蓋加厚保溫棉(厚度≥5cm)，并加裝鋁箔防水保護(hù)層防雨雪滲透。

　　lay; The outer layer is covered with thickened insulation cotton (thickness ≥ 5cm), and an aluminum foil waterproof protective layer is added to prevent rain and snow infiltration.

　　02

　　02

　　防凍檢查

　　Antifreeze inspection

　　防凍檢查也是冬季防凍工作中重要的一環(huán)，通過定期檢查可以及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并解決潛在的凍結(jié)隱患。防凍檢查應(yīng)涵蓋所有可能受到低溫影響的設(shè)備和區(qū)域，包括但不限于設(shè)備保溫層的完整性、伴熱系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行狀態(tài)、管道和閥門的泄漏情況以及室內(nèi)加熱設(shè)備（暖氣）的效能。檢查過程中，若發(fā)現(xiàn)保溫層破損或伴熱系統(tǒng)失效，應(yīng)立即修復(fù)或更換，以防止熱量散失導(dǎo)致設(shè)備凍結(jié)。同時(shí)，對(duì)于室外設(shè)施，如儀表和引壓管，應(yīng)特別關(guān)注其保溫和電伴熱措施的有效性，對(duì)于有溫度指示的電伴熱不僅要定期檢查溫度指示值，而且還需要用測(cè)溫槍或者用手點(diǎn)觸電伴熱帶預(yù)留檢查位置，以防止溫度指示不準(zhǔn)，保證電伴熱帶溫度正常，無溫度指示的電伴熱更應(yīng)該檢測(cè)溫度。確保在極端低溫下仍能正常運(yùn)行。通過細(xì)致入微的防凍檢查，結(jié)合科學(xué)的防凍措施，瓦斯發(fā)電設(shè)備可以在冬季安全穩(wěn)定地運(yùn)行。

　　Anti freezing inspection is also an important part of winter anti freezing work. Regular inspections can timely detect and solve potential freezing hazards. The anti freezing inspection should cover all equipment and areas that may be affected by low temperatures, including but not limited to the integrity of the equipment insulation layer, the operation status of the heat tracing system, the leakage of pipelines and valves, and the efficiency of indoor heating equipment (heating). During the inspection process, if damage to the insulation layer or failure of the heat tracing system is found, it should be repaired or replaced immediately to prevent heat loss and equipment freezing. At the same time, for outdoor facilities such as instruments and pressure pipes, special attention should be paid to the effectiveness of their insulation and electric tracing measures. For electric tracing with temperature indication, not only should the temperature indication value be checked regularly, but also a reserved inspection position for the electric tracing belt should be used with a temperature gun or manually touched to prevent inaccurate temperature indication and ensure normal temperature of the electric tracing belt. For electric tracing without temperature indication, temperature should be detected even more. Ensure normal operation even at extreme low temperatures. Through meticulous anti freezing inspections and scientific anti freezing measures, gas power generation equipment can operate safely and stably in winter.

　　03

　　03

　　凍堵后的處理

　　Treatment after freezing blockage

　　在解凍過程中還應(yīng)結(jié)合具體情況處理，對(duì)于凍堵面積較小的設(shè)備、管線較短、儀表、閥門等，可直接采用蒸汽吹掃或開水澆灌的方式進(jìn)行化解，值得注意的是有保溫層的需事先拆開保溫層，解凍后應(yīng)迅速擦干解凍過程中產(chǎn)生的水分并重新做好保溫層（防二次凍結(jié)），若發(fā)現(xiàn)僅靠保溫層無法滿足防凍需求應(yīng)及時(shí)加裝伴熱帶。在處理解凍過程中還需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1、采用蒸汽或熱水解凍過程中需穿戴防護(hù)手套、護(hù)目鏡，避免燙傷；2、解凍前需評(píng)估設(shè)備狀態(tài)（如儀表是否超量程、閥門是否卡阻），提前關(guān)閉相關(guān)閥門或調(diào)小閥門開度，防止突然疏通導(dǎo)致介質(zhì)噴濺以及管道震動(dòng)；3、解凍過程中要考慮突然疏通后對(duì)儀表及工藝狀態(tài)的影響，需提前做好應(yīng)對(duì)措施；4、解凍后需記錄凍堵位置、原因及處理過程，為后續(xù)優(yōu)化防凍方案提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐；

　　During the thawing process, specific situations should also be taken into account. For equipment with small frozen blockage areas, short pipelines, instruments, valves, etc., steam blowing or hot water pouring can be directly used to resolve them. It is worth noting that if there is an insulation layer, the insulation layer should be removed in advance. After thawing, the moisture generated during the thawing process should be quickly wiped off and the insulation layer should be re made (to prevent secondary freezing). If it is found that the insulation layer alone cannot meet the anti freezing requirements, a heat tracing strip should be installed in a timely manner. During the thawing process, the following points should also be noted: 1. When using steam or hot water for thawing, protective gloves and goggles should be worn to avoid burns; 2. Before thawing, it is necessary to evaluate the equipment status (such as whether the instrument is out of range, whether the valve is stuck), close the relevant valves in advance or adjust the valve opening to prevent sudden unblocking from causing medium splashing and pipeline vibration; 3. During the thawing process, it is necessary to consider the impact of sudden unblocking on the instrument and process status, and take appropriate measures in advance; 4. After thawing, it is necessary to record the location, cause, and treatment process of freezing blockage, providing data support for optimizing the anti freezing plan in the future;

　　總結(jié)

　　summary

　　冬季防凍是瓦斯發(fā)電項(xiàng)目安全生產(chǎn)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)，通過“分級(jí)防護(hù)-定期檢查-應(yīng)急處理”的全周期管理，可最大限度降低凍堵風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，保障設(shè)備冬季高效穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行，為生產(chǎn)提供穩(wěn)定可靠的保障。

　　Winter antifreeze is a key link in the safe production of gas power generation projects. Through the full cycle management of "graded protection regular inspection emergency response", the risk of freezing and blockage can be minimized to ensure the efficient and stable operation of equipment in winter, providing stable and reliable support for production.